专利摘要:
A headlamp for vehicles with at least one laser light source (1) which can be modulated by means of a drive and a computer unit, whose laser beam (2) is directed to at least one light conversion means (7) via a beam deflecting means (3) controlled by a laser deflection control, and with an imaging system (10) for projecting the light image (8) generated by the light conversion means (7) as a light image (11) onto the roadway, wherein the at least one light conversion means (7) is designed as an optical resonator, the modulated, scanning laser beam (6) being primary Laser beam (2) delivers the pump energy with the pump wavelength and the resonator contains a conversion material with at least one fluorescent dye and at an exit surface (7a) emits an exit beam (9), which delivers the light image (11) on the roadway via the imaging system (10) ,
公开号:AT516729A4
申请号:T50239/2015
申请日:2015-03-25
公开日:2016-08-15
发明作者:Dietmar Kieslinger
申请人:Zizala Lichtsysteme Gmbh;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

HEADLIGHTS FOR VEHICLES
The invention relates to a headlamp for vehicles with at least one laser light source which can be modulated by means of a control and a computer unit, whose laser beam is directed to at least one light conversion means via a beam deflection means controlled by a laser deflection control, and with an imaging system for the projection of the light conversion means produced by the light conversion means Illuminated image as a photograph of the roadway.
Headlamps with scanning, modulated laser light sources usually produce a luminous image on a light conversion means, often called "phosphor" for short, on which the blue laser light, for example, is converted into substantially "white" light by fluorescence. The generated luminous image is then extracted by means of the imaging system, e.g. lens optics projected onto the roadway. The beam deflecting means is generally a micromirror capable of oscillating about one or two axes, e.g. The modulation of the laser light source determines for each point or line of the light image the desired luminance, which on the one hand has to comply with legal specifications for the projected light image and on the other hand can be adapted to the respective driving situation The subject of the not yet published patent application A 50435/2014 of the Applicant of 23 June 2014.
One of the problems of known headlamps of the subject type lies in the emission characteristic of the light conversion medium, which is usually formed as a plate, wherein the scanning laser beam with respect to the emission direction of the Leuchtbiides either from behind or from the front aufzustk this platelet fluorescence or phosphorescence However, not directionally radiated, but due to the spontaneous emission in the entire 4n. ~ Space ahgestrahlt, which leads in particular when using an optic of the imaging system with a small effective diameter to high light losses. The thermal load of the light conversion agent is problematic and can lead to its premature destruction. Therefore, an object of the invention in the solution of the above problems.
This object is achieved with a headlamp of the type mentioned, in which according to the invention the at least one light conversion means is designed as an optical resonator, wherein the modulated, scanning laser beam as the primary laser beam delivers the pump energy with the excitation wavelength and the resonator contains at least one fluorescent dye and at one Exit surface emits an exit beam that delivers the light image on the roadway via the imaging system.
An advantage of the invention lies in the directional emission, because the fluorescence radiation is emitted in a tightly focused beam normal to the exit surface of the resonator. There is also no lateral light diffusion, but the diameter of the emitted light beam depends exclusively on the diameter of the primary laser beam, the pumping light beam. In contrast to the solutions according to the prior art, in which the fluorescence radiates in all directions, one can use a smaller and therefore not least less expensive optics for generating the light image on the street. Since the excitation light beam is scattered more in the propagation direction, different color impressions are produced in different directions, which are available for additive color mixing with the blue light components.
An expedient embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the light conversion means / the optical resonator is designed as a dye laser.
If the light conversion means is an optical resonator having a reflective surface coating at its entrance and / or exit surfaces, for example, losses of radiation generated in the resonator can be reduced.
In expedient embodiments, the light conversion means / the optical resonator consists of a converter plate. In this case, the thickness of the converter plate may preferably be in the range of 100 μm to 1 mm.
If the surface coating of at least the entrance surface is dichromatic and has a higher reflectance at the emission wavelength of the optical resonator than at the pump wavelength, a further increase in the efficiency is possible.
Practical embodiments are characterized in that the active conversion material of the light conversion agent / resonator has a refractive index of 1 to 2, preferably from 1.4 to 1.8.
It has also proven to be expedient if the wavelength of the at least one modulatable laser light source in the blue to ultraviolet. Area is located.
An advantageous effect on the color of the emitted light is obtained if the light conversion agent / the resonator contains at least two different fluorescent dyes. It may be advantageous if the wavelength of the primary laser beam is in the visible blue and the resonator contains at least one fluorescent dye for yellow / green.
On the other hand, training may be appropriate in which the wavelength of the primary laser beam in the Ultra violet and the light conversion agent / the resonator contains at least one fluorescent dye for blue and at least one fluorescent dye for yellow / green.
In many cases, however, it makes sense if the reflection and transmission properties of the light conversion agent / resonator are chosen such that there is a modulated and scanning exit beam on its exit side, comprising a portion of the primary laser beam and a portion of at least one secondary, in the resonator has generated laser beam.
In practical developments of the invention it can be provided that an optical system is provided between the beam deflection means and the light conversion means / optical resonator, which provides for a vertical entrance angle of the primary laser beam to the entrance surface of the resonator.
It is appropriate if the optics is a lens arrangement for generating a telecentric beam path.
If the light conversion center / the resonator has a surface coating that is structured in a small space such that adjacent areas reflect different wavelengths, an improvement in color reproduction can be obtained.
It may also be advantageous if the light conversion means / the resonator is a profit-driven laser. Namely, in such a mode, only low-order modes vibrate, so that the radiation is restricted to a small lateral region of the gain medium. This leads to a better beam quality in classical laser arrangements, i. a parameter M2 is not significantly greater than 1. In a headlight with a scanning laser beam so-called "spatial hole burning" is avoided. In this case, different areas of the converter volume are used, so that no local absorption-saturation effects occur.
The invention together with further advantages is explained in more detail below by way of example embodiments, which are illustrated in the drawing. In this show
1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2 shows the schematic, schematic rays in a light conversion means according to the prior art, FIG.
3 shows the basic, schematic beam path in a light resonant device designed as an optical resonator according to the invention,
4 shows a detail of FIG. 3,
Fig. 5, 6 and 7 embodiments of optical resonators with different mirror curvature and
Fig. 8 in a similar to Fig. 1 representation of another embodiment of the invention.
With reference to FIG. now. an embodiment of the invention explained in more detail. In particular, the important parts for a headlamp according to the invention are shown, it being clear that a motor vehicle headlamp contains many other parts, its meaningful use in a motor vehicle, in particular a car, truck or
Motorcycle, allow. The lighting starting point of the headlamp is a laser light source 1, which emits a laser beam 2, and which is associated with a not shown here Laseran-control, which for power supply and for monitoring the laser emission or e.g. is used for temperature control and is also set up to modulate the intensity of the emitted laser beam. By "modulating" in the context of the present invention is meant that the intensity of the laser light source can be changed, whether pulsed continuously or in the sense of switching on and off. It is essential that the light output can be changed dynamically analogously, depending on the angular position at which a mirror described in more detail later stands. In addition, there is still the possibility of switching on and off for a certain time, not to illuminate or hide defined places. An example of a dynamic driving concept for forming an image by a scanning laser beam is described, for example, in Applicant's document AT 514633.
The laser light source in practice often contains several laser diodes, for example four to e.g. 1 watt each, to achieve the desired output and the required luminous flux.
In turn, the laser driver receives signals from a central processing unit to which various sensor signals may be supplied, e.g. Switching commands for switching from high beam to dipped beam or signals that are recorded, for example, by sensors, such as cameras, which detect the lighting conditions, environmental conditions and / or objects on the road. Also, the signals may originate from vehicle-vehicle communication information.
The laser light source 1, which generally already includes collimator optics (not shown), emits blue light, for example. The laser beam 2 impinges on a beam deflecting means, which is designed here as a micromirror 3, and is directed via focusing optics 4 and optics 5 for generating a telecentric beam path as a scanning laser beam 6 to a light conversion means 7, at or in which a light image 8 with a given Lieh Valuation is generated. The light conversion means 7 has a front entrance surface 7e and a, for example, plane-parallel rear exit surface 7a for the light radiation, as well as a front coating 7v and a rear coating 7h. On the closer structure and function of the light conversion means 7, the optical
Resonator is formed and whose exit beam is denoted by 9, will be discussed below.
The micromirror 3 can be pivotable about one or two axes, whereby it scans the laser beam 2 via the light conversion means 7, on which the illumination image 8, e.g. is written line by line. Schematically, the illumination image 8 in FIG. 1A, which shows a view of the light conversion means 7 in the direction of the arrow A of FIG. 1, is shown. The light image 8 is projected via an imaging system, in the present case a lens 10, as a light image 11 on the road (not shown). In FIG. 1, two light beams after the lens 10 are denoted by 12 and the light spots generated by them on the roadway 13. A light beam corresponds to the center position of the maximum scan area whose scan angle is denoted by α and is shown on the left in FIG. and the other, in Fig. 1 above drawn light beam maximum deflection of the micromirror 3. The range of the telemetric beam path (in a deflection) is denoted by T.
The laser light source 1 is pulsed at high frequency or driven continuously, so that according to the position of the micromirror 3 arbitrary light distributions are not only adjustable - for example, high beam / low beam - but are also quickly changeable, if this requires a special terrain or road situation, such as pedestrians or oncoming vehicles are detected by sensors and accordingly a change in the geometry and / or intensity of the illumination image 8 of the road illumination is desired. It should be noted that other beam deflection means, such as e.g. movable prisms, although the use of a micromirror is preferred. The term "roadway" is used here for the sake of simplicity, since, of course, it depends on the local given part whether the photograph 11 actually lies on the roadway or even extends beyond it In principle, the photograph 11 corresponds to a projection onto a vertical surface the relevant standards relating to automotive lighting technology.
To further explain the invention, reference is first made to Fig. 2, which shows schematically and for example the light conversion by means of a conventional light-converting means 14 according to the prior art. A laser light source 15 contains a plurality of laser diodes 16, which preferably emit blue light and whose light is combined to form a collimated laser beam 18 with the aid of an optical element 17, which is to be understood as meaning a combination of a plurality of optical elements. For example, when using "blue" lasers, InGaN-based semiconductor lasers may be used at wavelengths of 405 and 450 nm, in the UV range e.g. 365 to 375 run. The beam 18 impinges on the front surface 19 of the light conversion means 14 and passes through the light conversion material 20, called "phosphor", contained in the light conversion means 14. The phosphor, for example, converts blue or UV light into "white" light In the context of the present invention, it is understood in general to mean a substance or a substance mixture which converts light of one wavelength into light of another wavelength or a wavelength mixture, in particular into "white" light, which can be subsumed under the term "wavelength conversion." Luminescence is used In general, the output wavelength is shorter and therefore more energy-rich than the emitted wavelength mixture Of course, the term "light" is not limited to radiation visible to the human eye. For the Lichtkonversionsmittei example, optoceramics come into question, these are transparent ceramics, such as YAG: Ce (an yttrium-aluminum garnet doped with cerium). Alternatively, semiconductor materials with embedded quantum dots can be used.
At the rear surface 21, the light exit surface of the light conversion means 14, except the slightly scattered blue light beam 22, the converted radiation 23, following a lambertian radiation characteristic emerges. The impression of a "white" light is then produced by additive color mixing of the blue excitation light beam 22 and the converted fluorescence radiation 23. The color impression is inhomogeneous due to the preferred direction of propagation of the blue light, which constitutes a disadvantage of the prior art in addition to the already mentioned obvious light losses Technique
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, which show one of its exemplary embodiments, wherein identical or comparable elements are provided here and in the following figures with the same reference numerals. 4 shows the region of the optical resonator or the Lichtkonversionsmitteis 7 in more detail. Of the
Laser light source 15 is an additional focusing unit 24, shown as a simple lens, which focuses the collimated blue laser beam 18 so that the focused primary laser beam 25 in the region of the center plane 26 of the light conversion means 7, which is designed as an optical resonator, its lowest beam diameter, ie the smallest beam waist, has. More precisely, the excitation beam should reach its highest intensity in the volume of the light conversion medium, whereby this area of highest intensity does not necessarily have to lie in the middle plane.
A light conversion material 27, merely indicated in the figures, which can also be referred to as gain medium, contains at least one fluorescent dye. At the light exit surface 7a, there is the exit beam 9 whose light is emitted from e.g. blue portion 28 of the primary laser beam 25, which may also be referred to as a pump beam or excitation light beam, and a portion 29 of the conversion light generated in the optical cavity, such as green or yellow. The conversion in the light conversion material may be based on fluorescence and / or phosphorescence, which is referred to below as simplifying fluorescence.
In order to obtain an optical resonator in the sense of the present invention, sufficiently intense excitation is required to produce a population inversion. For this purpose, the pumping light beam, here the laser beam 25 must be sufficiently focused. Furthermore, there must be a feedback in the sense of a resonator, which means here that the reflectance of the front and back of the plate-shaped resonator with a typical thickness or resonator length L in the range of 100 .mu.m to 1 mm must be sufficiently large. If necessary, the reflectance for the emission wavelength can be increased by a suitable coating. In this case, a dichroic coating of the entrance surface 7e, which has the lowest possible reflection for the emission wavelength, but a very high reflection for the emission wavelength, is particularly expedient. Here is the talk of the coating 7v. On the other hand, the exit surface 7a may also be coated. In the case of typical geometries, the order of magnitude is about ten resonator cycles, which is sufficient for the oscillation of the reader formed by the resonator. Transverse laser modes are determined by the intensity distribution of the pump light and thus the spatial distribution of the population inversion. The optical resonator may in principle be designed as a dye laser, although the term "dye laser" is to be understood in a broader sense than commonly used. In conventional dye lasers, dyes dissolved in a liquid are used and, in addition, a wavelength-selective optical element in the beam path to provide a tunable laser source over a particular wavelength range. In the present case, this functionality is lacking and the amplification medium is usually fixed, solid state dye lasers being known, see e.g. DE 101 56 842 A1.
Around. To allow a net gain, in which the losses in the conversion material 27, in particular by scattering and absorption, are lower than the signal increase by stimulated emission, a low-loss material must be selected, which are primarily ceramic materials in question. A large selection of conversion materials and phosphors can be found, for example, in "Optimum Phosphors for LED Applications," Thomas Jüstel, 2nd Conference: LED in lighting, Essen, 12.-13. March 2013 fwww, fh-muenster, de / juestel) and in DE 10 2008 021 438 Al.
In Fig. 4 can be seen the envelope 30 of the primary laser beam 25 with a divergence 0b and the envelope 31 of the conversion light component 29 with a divergence 0g, the directional radiation of the conversion light due to stimulated emission is denoted by 32. Arrows 33 are intended to indicate the Resonatorumläufe the converted light.
5, 6 and 7 show at game example, three of the possible geometries of optical resonators 34, 35, 36 of length L, it being noted at this point that for the purpose of better visibility, in particular the optical resonator of Lichtkonversationsmittels 7 not to scale in terms of its thickness, more precisely the length L, is shown greatly enlarged. In principle, the resonators are to be regarded as Fabry-Perot resonators.
The resonator 34 according to FIG. 5 has two plane-parallel (partially transmissive) mirrors 34v, 34h, which correspond to the front or rear surfaces 7a, 7e or their coatings 7v, 7h of the light conversion means (resonator) of FIGS , The radii of curvature Rv, Rh of the mirrors 34v, 34h are accordingly infinite and the envelope of the forming intensity distribution of a standing plane wave is denoted by 37.
In the resonator 35 of Fig. 6, the radius of curvature Rv, Rh corresponds to the mirror 35v, 35h of the length L of the resonator; the envelope of the forming intensity distribution of a stationary ball wave is denoted by 38.
In the resonator 36 of Fig. 7, the radius of curvature RV / Rh corresponds to the mirror 36v, 36h of the length L of the resonator; the envelope of the forming intensity distribution of a stationary ball wave is designated 39. For laser resonators the stability criterion applies: 0 <gi * g2 <1, with gi = 1 - L / Rv and g2 = 1 - L / Rh
It can be seen that plane-parallel resonator embodiments are pseudo-stable, so that only a small number of Resonatorumläufen is possible and small tilts or bumps cause that forms no stable standing wave in the resonator and thus the coherence is low. For the present application, however, this fact is unproblematic, since the preferred propagation direction with limited divergence is crucial for the conversion light.
It should be noted that it is possible to achieve an improvement in color reproduction if the resonator has an over-surface coating which, for example in the sense of a Bayer color filter, is structured in a small-space manner so that adjacent regions reflect different wavelengths. If the patterning is smaller than the diameter of the primary (pump) laser beam, different wavelengths are simultaneously emitted, so that a targeted improvement in color reproduction is possible.
One of the other possible embodiments of a light conversion means or optical resonator is shown in the embodiment of a headlamp according to the invention shown in FIG. 8. Here, there is a center of rotation / resonator 40 which, in contrast to the embodiments described above, does not have a platelet shape, but whose geometry corresponds approximately to that of a triangular prism. The Lichtkonversionsmittei 40 also has an optically effective surfaces, a front entrance surface 40e and a lying at right angles to the rear exit surface 40a with a front coating 40v and a rear coating 40h, and one extending to these two surfaces at about 45 ° Reflection surface 40r. the latter surface 40r has a coating 40t, which coating, in contrast to the coatings 40h and 40v, has the highest possible reflectivity both for the blue light of the laser light source 1 and for the stimulated emission inside the light conversion means / resonator 40, e.g. yellow / green or red light should have. In the illustrated embodiment, the incoming beam is folded between the surfaces 40a and 40e. Regarding the concept of the reflection surface, it should also be noted that the light deflection can also be realized by total reflection.
List of drawings 1 Laser light source 2 Laser beam 3 Micromirror, Beams kmitte] 4 Focusing optics 5 Optics 6 Scanning laser beam 7 Light conversion agent / resonator 7a Exit surface 7e Entry surface 7h Coating, rear 7v coating, front 8 Illuminated image 9 Exit beam 10 Lens; Imaging system 11 Light image 12 Light beam 13 Luminous spot 14 Light conversion lens! 15 laser light source 16 laser diodes 17 optical element 18 laser beam, collimated 19 front surface of 14 20 light conversion material, phosphor 21 rear surface of 14 22 scattered light beam, blue 23 converted radiation 24 focusing unit 25 primary laser beam 26 center plane of 7 27 convergence material 28 blue fraction 29 fraction 30 envelope of 25 31 envelope of 29 32 emission 33 arrows 34 optical resonator 34h mirror 34v mirror 35 optical resonator 35h mirror 35v mirror 36 optical resonator 36h mirror 36v mirror 37 envelope 38 envelope 39 envelope 40 light condensing agent / resonator 40a exit surface 40e entrance surface 40h coating, rear 40 v coating, front 41 coating α scan angle © b Divergence © g Divergence L Length T Range
权利要求:
Claims (16)
[1]
claims
1. Headlamp for vehicles with at least one modulatable by a control and a computing unit laser light source (1), the laser beam (2) via a driven by a laser deflection control beam deflecting means (3) is scanned on at least one light conversion means (7, 40), and with an imaging system (10) for projecting the light image (8) generated by the light conversion means as a light image (11) onto the roadway, characterized in that the at least one light conversion means (7) is designed as an optical resonator, wherein the modulated, scanning laser beam ( 6) as the primary laser beam delivers the pump energy with the pump wavelength and the resonator contains a conversion material (27) with at least one fluorescent dye and at an exit surface (7a) emits an exit beam (9), the light image (11) via the imaging system (10) on the roadway delivers.
[2]
2. Headlight according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical resonator / light conversion means (7,40) is designed as a dye laser.
[3]
3. Headlight according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light conversion means (7, 40) is an optical resonator having at its entrance and / or at its exit surface a reflective surface coating (7v, 7h).
[4]
4. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the light conversion means (7) / the optical resonator consists of a converter plate.
[5]
5. Headlight according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness of the converter plate is in the range of 100 pm to 1 mm.
[6]
6. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface coating of at least the entrance surface is dichromatic and at the emission wavelength of the optical resonator has a higher reflectance than at the pump wavelength.
[7]
7. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the active conversion material of the light conversion means (7, 40) / resonator has a refractive index of 1 to 2, preferably from 1.4 to 1.8.
[8]
8. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wavelength of the at least one modulated laser light source is in the blue to ultraviolet range.
[9]
9. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the light conversion means (7, 40) / the resonator contains at least two different fluorescent dyes.
[10]
10. Headlight according to claim 9, characterized in that the wavelength of the primary laser beam (6) is in the visible blue and the light conversion means (7,40) / the resonator contains at least one fluorescent dye for yellow / green.
[11]
11. Headlight according to claim 9, characterized in that the wavelength of the primary laser beam is in the ultraviolet and the light conversion means (7, 40) / the resonator contains at least one fluorescent dye for blue and at least one fluorescent dye for gel b / green.
[12]
12. Headlight according to one of claims' 1 to 10, characterized in that the reflection and transmission properties of the light conversion means (7, 40) / resonator are selected so that at its outlet side a modulated and scanning exit beam (9) is present, the one Proportion of the primary laser beam and a portion of at least one secondary laser beam generated in the resonator has.
[13]
13. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that between the beam deflecting means (3) and the optical resonator (7, 40) an optic (5) is provided, which for a vertical entrance angle] of the primary laser beam (9) the entrance surface (7e) of the light conversion means (7, 40) / resonator provides.
[14]
14. Headlight according to claim 13, characterized in that the optics (5) is a lens arrangement for generating a telecentric beam path.
[15]
15. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the light conversion means (7, 40) / the resonator has a surface coating, which is small structured so that adjacent areas reflect different wavelengths.
[16]
16. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the light conversion means (7,40) / the resonator is a profit-driven laser.
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法律状态:
2016-11-15| HC| Change of the firm name or firm address|Owner name: ZKW GROUP GMBH, AT Effective date: 20161014 |
2020-11-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20200325 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
ATA50239/2015A|AT516729B1|2015-03-25|2015-03-25|Headlights for vehicles|ATA50239/2015A| AT516729B1|2015-03-25|2015-03-25|Headlights for vehicles|
DE112016001338.8T| DE112016001338B4|2015-03-25|2016-02-26|HEADLIGHTS FOR VEHICLES|
CN201680017654.2A| CN108352671B|2015-03-25|2016-02-26|Headlight for vehicle|
PCT/AT2016/050046| WO2016149717A1|2015-03-25|2016-02-26|Headlight for vehicles|
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